What is a Micro or Mini hydro

Micro hydro is a term used for the installation of power using the energy of water, while micro means small and hydro means water. Micro hydro energy, also known as white resources and classified in the zero emission energy for electricity, while those in the fossil fuel CO2 emission factors have as much as 0.719 kg / kWh. Terms of emphasis to more sustainable activities that are not harmful, harmonious with nature and the rule-abiding principle naturally, when the activities associated with the term Micro Hydro development is the effort to produce energy in harmony with the rule-principle of nature .As the real action is to maintain the ability of nature to provide energy to the water at any time to protect and maintain watershed or catchment area around the generator, so that the plants are expected to operate throughout the period.

Besides the term of Micro-Hydro above, we also often hear the term of Mini Hydro that distinguishes them is Micro hydro with a range of resources raised. According to the National Standards Indonesia (BSNI), Micro hydro power is raised from a maximum of 50 kW and Mini-hydro above 50 kW to 5000 kW. In the group of M.H.P(Micro Hydro Power) and academics rarely have they segregated the restrictions, to a maximum of 100 kW for Micro-hydro and above 100 kW to 500 kW for Mini-hydro.

Microhydro Power Electric Prospect in Indonesia

By Ahmad Suhendra

Now Indonesia has producers 3rd rating CO2 emission at the world with totaled emission 3.014 ton milliards 1st rating is U.S.A 6.005 ton milliards followed by China on 5.017 ton milliards. This condition of causes Indonesia to constitute one of state which will emission big cost to state any other in interchange carbon (5 USD / ton carbon). Now have while it for Indonesian to fix sector energy it and downs absolute emission via effort more energy clear and extended with renewable energy promotion.

Scheme "on grid" unattractive for Investor since resulting energy of micro hydro or mini hydro is valued cheaper by "PLN" States electric firm ( on Java island Rp 432 / kWh) appealed by energy that resulting other source, accordingly payback period becomes longer upon five years. Investment that is embedded also overrisk since environmental damage, one that high enough that is 1,08 million hectares / year, who can threaten water for continuity of micro hydro so designing age be not been reached. For scheme "off grid" opportunity for investor because shan't sell electricity goes to PLN, but direct goes to consumer, especially to remote area that has no PLN electricity network. Click here

Bagaimana cara mengelola PLTMH dengan baik?( How to manage the MHP ? )

GTZ-MHPP (Micro Hydro Power Project)

Once a project MHP / Hydro Power was completed, what to do next?

Setelah sebuah proyek PLTMH/Hydro Power selesai dibangun, apa yang harus dilakukan kemudian? agar pembangunan pembangkit listrik tersebut tidak sia-sia atau berumur pendek. Tulisan ini sangat bermanfaat bagi pihak yang sudah atau akan membangun PLTMH, adapun yang akan dijelaskan antara lain :

1. Apakah PLTMH
2. Mengapa PLTMH
3. Kepengurusan untuk pengelolaan listrik
4. Aturan pengelolaan
5. Penetapan iuran,
6. Pemeliharaan
7. dll

Klik disini

KERJA KERAS ADALAH ENERGI KITA (Hard work is our energy)

Awalnya kaget melihat tayangan di google adsense diblog saya tentang Pertamina Blog Contest , sungguh sangat menggelitik hati dan akhirnya saya bergabung untuk mengikutinya.

"Kerja keras adalah energi kita", mengandung makna yang dalam tentang etos kerja dan dari kecil kita sudah terbiasa mendengar slogan tersebut lewat berbagai macam istilah yang memiliki nilai rasa hampir sepadan seperti ; “ sedikit-sedikit lama-lama menjadi bukit”, atau “tetesan air pun dapat melubangi batu”, masih banyak lagi slogan serupa yang bisa digali dari khasanah budaya bangsa kita dan ini pula mencerminkan bahwa bangsa kita adalah pekerja keras/pejuang.

Sepanjang hidup saya cukup banyak daerah di Indonesia yang dijelajahi, terutama daerah-daerah terpencil, baru-baru ini saya mengunjungi saudara sebangsa di dekat perbatasan dengan Malaysia , sekitar 3 km dari perbatasan tepatnya di Desa Sungai Antu ( N 0⁰ 58’ 53.7” dan E 111⁰ 36’ 28.2”) Kec.Puring Kencana, Kab.Putussibau, Kalimantan Barat. Selama berinteraksi dengan penduduk setempat, cukup membuat hati ini miris melihat kehidupan mereka yang sangat jauh berbeda dengan negeri tetangga, jika di ibaratkan bagai bumi dan langit.

Jangan heran bila masyarakat disana berjuang keras untuk mendapatkan akses ekonomi maupun pendidikan di negeri tetangga dengan cara-cara mereka. Sebagai contoh untuk mendapatkan gas LPG buat memasak mereka harus melintasi perbatasan dengan menghadapi banyak resiko karena produk LPG negeri sendiri masih sulit didapat dan harganya terlalu mahal dibandingkan buatan negeri tetangga. Masyarakat telah bekerja keras untuk memperbaiki kehidupannya, akankah Pertamina mau bekerja keras demi bangsa ini? Kerja keras memang adalah energi yang tak terbatas selama hayat masih dikandung badan dan mampu merubah keadaan yang kadang tidak pernah terbayangkan oleh kita sebelumnya. Tidak ada kata terlambat dalam memperbaiki diri, saya yakin Pertamina dapat segera meraih kejayaan dan mendapat tempat dihati rakyat, karena saat ini banyak rakyat Indonesia sedang menantimu dengan sabar dan penuh harap di tapal batas keputusasaan akan pemenuhan kebutuhan energi dan semoga mereka tak terlalu lama menanti.

Electronic Load Controller For Microhydro System ( ELC )

This article intended to help people, by presenting a simple, low cost ELC that can be built from easily available components.

Use of ELC in microhydro system can help manage the load change with fast response. it's very similiar to the old mechanical speed governor that acts on a mechanical brake, only that an ELC uses electrical braking : dump loads into which excess electric power can be put. Click here

Industrial Biodiesel Plant Design and Engineering ( Practical Experience )

By Dan Anderson , Derek Masterson, Bill McDonald and Larry Sullivan

The biodiesel process itself is more than just a chemical reaction. The practical aspects of how to run an ordinary reaction in to a large full- scale industrial plant are of utmost importance. It has been proven that bench top reactions and equipment often to not properly scale up to full processing plant size, and biodiesel is no exception.

Click here

Welded Stell Penstocks (Engineering Monograph)

United States Department Of The Interior Bureau Of Reclamation

THIS MONOGRAPH will assist designers in the solution of problems in design and construction of safe penstocks which may be fabricated in accordance with modern manufacturing procedures. Certain rules relative to materials, stresses, and tests might be considered unnecessarily conservative. Safety is of paramount importance, however, and penstocks designed and constructed according to these rules have given satisfactory service through years of operation.

Welded Steel Penstocks presents information concerning modern design and construction methods for pressure vessels applied to penstocks for hydroelectric power plants. The data are based on some 40 years experience in penstock construction by the Bureau of Reclamation. During this period many of the largest penstocks in service today were designed and constructed.

Click here

The Errors that often occur in the design M.H.P

The error often made in the design M.H.P (Micro Hydro Power Electric) is:

1. Take a careless flow design through without consideration / calculation of hydrological cycle (region wide catchment rainfall, rainfall, watershed conditions etc.) in the area to be built Micro Hydro Power of Labor (M.H.P), so that the generator does not work optimally or decrease the age (under age design).

2. Penstock pipes placed in the area of unstable slopes, especially with the level slope more than 35% (landslide), so that placement in the penstock / analysis to be performed on the anchor structure of the soil strength

3. Making buildings intake (dam) that does not take into account / downstream flow of attention to scrape the dam foundation, that can be suddenly forebay (vessel) of water shortages.

Biodiesel Experiment

By Richard Lawrence

Biodiesel is an alternative to diesel fuel that is made from vegetable oil through a simple chemical reaction called transesterfication. Biodiesel can be used in any diesel engine without modifications, and can be blended in any amount with regular diesel. A small percentage increases diesel's lubricity. Click here

Pumped Storage Hydro Electric

By Ahmad Suhendra

PLTA Pumped Storage (Pumped Storage Hydro Electric) adalah suatu pembangkit listrik tenaga air, dimana pompa digunakan untuk memasukan air kedalam waduk dan biasanya dilakukan pada musim penghujan. Tujuannya dari pemompaan ini yaitu untuk mengurangi debit sungai agar tidak terjadi banjir di musim hujan dan dengan adanya pemasukan air tersebut maka diharapkan waduk dapat memiliki air yang cukup untuk membangkitkan listrik pada musim kemarau.

Salah satu contoh PLTA Pumped Storage di Indonesia adalah PLTA Beng (12 MW) yang memompa air dari sungai brantas pada musim hujan (Desember-April). Pembangkitan listriknya dilakukan pada musim kemarau dari bulan Mei-Oktober (6 bulan) hanya pada malam hari saja dan air yang keluar melalui turbin dimanfaatkan untuk suplai air minum di Kotamadya Surabaya.

Production Of Pure Ethanol

By P.Pruksathorn and T.Vitidsant

This research focuses on water separation from ethanol-water solution under vapor phase with the use of 3A zeolite. The first phase testing was done in a fix-bed adsorber under atmospheric pressure to study the optimum condition for adsorption and compare the performance under difference conditions.The zeolite was packed in stainless stell column with inner diameter of 1.59 cm and the lenght of 45 cm placing in a tube furnace to maintain the temperature at desired values. Click here

One Low -Tech Solution to High -Tech Problem

By Joshua & Kaia Tickell

Making your own fuel from vegetable oil can be easy, cost effective, and environmentally beneficial. What makes this fuel even more attractive is that can you make it from the waste vegetable oil produced in The United States every year, which amounts to more than three billion gallons. With a bit of know-how and persistence, you can run any diesel engine on vegetable oil.

Click here

The state of art of Hydrokinetic power in Brazil

By Geraldo L. Tiago Fo, PhD

Abstract

This paper presents the state of the art of free-flow hydro power turbine, also known as a hydro kinetic turbine in Brazil. This kind of turbine is designed to generate electricity using only the kinetic energy of water flow in rivers and is used to generate electricity on isolated communities in the inland of Brazil.

Moreover it is relevant to say that the developed technology proved is necessary to be robust and suitable for the extremely severe conditions of the remote and isolated villages, since it is has been functioning uninterruptedly from several years with a minimum maintenance. This type of small hydro kinetic power plant typically can provide up to 2 kW of electric power, being a reliable alternative for the electrification of remote and isolated households, communities or social end-users.

Click Here

Water Turbine Speed

Type of turbine	Nominal speed(n rpm)	Runaway speed
Semi Kaplan, single regulated	75-100	2-2.4
Kaplan, double regulated	75-150	2.8-3.2
Small-medium Kaplan	250-700	2.8-3.2
Francis (medium & high head)	500-1500	1.8-2.2
Francis (low head)	250-500	1.8-2.2
Pelton	500-1500	1.8-2
Crossflow	100-1000	1.8-2
Turgo	600-1000	2

Selection type of turbine

Selection type of turbine

To determine the type of water turbine that will be used in the design of a power micro hydro, need specific speed is calculated. Specific Speed (ns) is defined as the speed in rounds per minute of a turbine in the delusion that all the geometrical indeed similar to the turbine is able to lift 75 kg of water per second up to a height of 1 meter.

ns = 3.65 . n . Q ^0.5 . H ^{(- 0.75)}

ns = 270 – 1000 Kaplan/Propeller
ns = 60 – 350 Francis
ns = 42 – 170 Cross flow
ns = 8 – 72 Pelton
Where :
n = Round turbine speed /Nominal speed (rpm)
Q = Design flow (m3/det)
H = Net Head (m)

Renewable energy business opportunity in Indonesia

Indonesia has a lot of renewable energy sources that can be developed. Although business opportunity in Indonesia has a lot of constraint such as low infrastructure and Government attention, but there its the attractive part because no many companies interests at business area so makes us become the leader.
There are renewable energy sources such as :

1.Water

Base on water survey that done by Electric Company Republic of Indonesia (PLN) in 1982, Indonesia has all water power energy potency that can be developed as big as 75,000 MW and including at in its for micro hydro scale around 458.75 MW.

2.Oceanic
Indonesia has ocean as extensive as 4 million km square with its shoreline along 80,791 km and this potency is sizable for oceanic energy. There is 3 energy source from ocean that can be developed such as ; wave, ebb, and difference temperature among surface and oceanic inner.

3.Solar radiation

Base on irradiation data of the sun which is taken from 18 locations, solar radiation in Indonesia can be classified for west and east Indonesian area distribution lighting.West Indonesia are 4.5 kWh/m2 days with 10% monthly variation and East Indonesia are 5.1 kWh/m2 days with 9% monthly variation.Averagely at Indonesia about 4.8 kWh/m2 days with 9% monthly variation.

Manual for wind turbine construction

This manual describes how to build a 'permanent magnet generator' (PMG). We can also call it an 'alternator', because it generates alternating current (AC). It will not generate 'mains voltage' or 'utility power' AC. It generates low voltage, 'three phase'AC, and then changes it into 'direct current' (DC) for charging a 12 volt battery.Click Here

Wind speed average in Indonesia

Indonesia has wind speed average (V mean ) one that inferior of state that use wind power conversion system as Finland, United States of America, and another states. Regions at Indonesian generally has v mean between 3-6 m / s, really in contrast to ranging Europe state within 9-12 m / s. Wind characteristic at Indonesian evoke problem if technology that applies to be designed follow European state wind characteristics.

On the NASA's Image can be seen that region has wind speed average greatest is Nusa South East, 5.5-6.6 m/s. Meanwhile island outgrows at Indonesia as Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi and Papua just have wind speed average between 2.7-4.5 m/s.

Analysis of Energy Utilization in Indonesia

By Indyah Nurdyastuti

Energy demand for various economic sectors in Indonesia is fulfilled by various energy sources, either fossil fuel or renewable energy. Energy supply from various energy sources is known as energy mix. Energy mix of one economic sector is different from other economic sector. Transportation sector is fulfilled by refined products, natural gas and electricity. Industry sector is fulfilled by refined products, coal, natural gas, electricity and biomass.

Meanwhile electricity generation sector is fulfilled by refined products, coal, natural gas and renewable energy. Energy mix in electricity generation represents also energy utilization status and electricity power generation technology applied. Energy mix of Indonesia is similar to energy mix of Jawa, because most ofelectricity is generated in Jawa.

Percentage of diesel oil and fuel oil utilization for electricity generation is going down, they are substituted by other type of energy such as coal and natural gas.

Click here

Why is energy of wind power insufficiently been developed in Indonesia ?

In common category of Indonesia is a state without wind. In theory of a minimum wind speed average that can be developed as provider of energy service economically is 4 m/s. Even such there are many regions where wind energy sources very likely developed reasonable, for example Nusa South East, Nusa South West, South and South East of Sulawesi , Karimun java , Northern and South of java Sea shore.

by Chayun Budiono

Indonesian Government plans to build borderland

Now Indonesian Government plans to build borderland in order not to drops behind far with another region, it is perceived very important since concerns defense and economics source security state. Less control of government on borderland that happening all this time so impacted negative as illegal of human traffic ,change over resources go to Neighbor state etc.

From 460 regencies those at Indonesia as much 26 regencies are in borderlands with category drops behind and indigent. Less infrastructure's at than region progressively exacerbate aught condition. One of example is society condition at border of west Borneo such as Badau and Lanjak in comparison with neighbor society (Malaysia)by a long shot affluent, like earth and sky so no wonder a lot of found double civics.

One of infrastructure which expected by border society is the availability of electrification for economy activity, education and information. While at borderland is still a lot of water source that potentially to be made 10-100 Kilowatts of micro hydro power electric .
by Ahmad Suhendra

Investment estimation for the development of micro hydro power electric in Indonesia

Investment Climate (on grid/not stand alone)
Investment estimation for the development of micro hydro power electric at several regions as one appears on list below
1. Java and Bali (10,000-15,000) Rupiahs/watt
2. Sumatra (15,000-20,000) Rupiahs/watt
3. Borneo (25,000-40,000) Rupiahs/watt
4. Sulawesi (20,000-25,000) Rupiahs/watt
5. Papua (40,000-60,000) Rupiahs/watt
reading source

Remote area society in papua, Irian Jaya

On July 1998, Remote area society in papua, they waited for
pelton's turbine assembly ( finished assembly in 1999) to electricity on their kampong.
Juli tahun 1998 di daerah pedalaman papua, mereka menunggu pemasangan turbin pelton (selesai tahun 1999) yang akan mengalirkan listrik ke kampung mereka.

RANCANG BANGUN LISTRIK TENAGA ANGIN

Rancang bangun listrik tenaga angin yang menggunakan pipa paralon sebagai blade/sudu, klik disini

RANCANG BANGUN TURBIN PELTON MIKRO

By Ahmad Suhendra
Technical guidance of micro pelton turbine design for areas that have high head but small discharge.
Petunjuk teknis rancang bangun turbin pelton mikro untuk daerah yang memiliki head tinggi tetapi debit (flow) kecil.
klik disini

PETUNJUK TEKNIS PENGAMBILAN DATA AIR UNTUK MIKROHIDRO

By Ahmad Suhendra
Technical guidelines for measuring water potential of micro-hydro.
Petunjuk teknis pengambilan data air untuk mikrohidro.
klik disini

UJI ALAT PENGHEMAT BBM ( magnetic fuel saver experiment )

Do fuel-saving tool that uses a magnetic field strength, can save fuel as advertised which is around 15-25% ?
Apakah alat penghemat BBM yang menggunakan medan magnet dapat menghemat BBM sekitar 15-25%, seperti yang di-iklankan?

Uji coba alat penghemat bahan bakar magnetik, klik disini