Design of the cross flow runner

The equations in this section are taken from:

• Arter, A., Meier, U., Harnessing Water Power on a Small Scale Hydraulics Engineering Manual(SKAT)
• Mockmore, C. A. Prof CEng, Merryfield, F. Prof CEng, The Banki Water Turbine, 1949
• Harvey, A, Micro Hydro Design Manual, (1993), ISBN 1-85339-103-4

Download PDF

Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG) Construction Manual

Hugh Piggott - Scoraig Wind Electric - February 2001

This manual describes how to build a 'permanent magnet generator' (PMG). We can also call it an 'alternator', because it generates alternating current (AC). It will not generate 'mains voltage' or 'utility power' AC. It generates low voltage, 'three phase' AC, and then changes it into 'direct current' (DC) for charging a 12 volt battery.

Download Pdf

Hydraulic losses in a penstock

Hydraulic losses in a penstock reduce the effective head in proportion to the length and approximately as the square of the water velocity.

Here you can download the way of calculation in xls

SLING PUMP

Written By : Lance Brown

This pump is commonly known by its commercial name of Sling Pump. It is based on a principle similar to the Archimedean screw, except it operates in a horizontal position with coiled pipe, rather than a sloped and open screw.

Read More

Crossflow Water Turbine Design Manual

By ; Abhiroop Chattopadhyay

The crossflow water turbine is widely considered by many to be the most efficient and apt type of turbine for applications in micro‐hydro and picohydro projects. However, it should also be noted that designing this kind of a turbine is no child’s play.Nevertheless, in this article, I will show you exactly how the designing of the turbine is to take place. With a very basic knowledge of mathematics, it is possible to design and construct an efficient working water turbine. Before, designing, just get an idea about how must hydraulic power is theoretically available at a particular site.

Read More

The breastshot waterwheel: design and model tests

By: G. Muller and C. Wolter

The waterwheel is one of the oldest hydraulic machines known to humankind and has been in use since antiquity. Originally built of wood, the availability of new materials, namely wrought iron, and the increasing demand for mechanical power during the industrial revolution led, in combination with the development of hydraulic engineering, to the rational design of waterwheels, resulting in much increased performance and efficiency. Three distinct types of waterwheels evolved: the overshot, the breastshot and the undershot wheel.

Overshot wheels were investigated quite thoroughly and were found to have efficiencies of more than 85% for a broad range of flowrates from 0.2 to 1.0 Q/Qmax. Only one measurement of an undershot or Zuppinger wheel is known to the authors. Researchers from the Technical University of Stuttgart in 1977 measured the efficiencies of a 42 kW Zuppinger wheel which was built in 1886 and had been in continuous operation since. The measurements showed efficiencies of 71–77%. The breastshot wheel however, which was particularly popular in Britain,was never investigated. Read more

Speed control of run-of-river variable speed hydro plants

By : J. Fraile-Ardanuy1, J. R. Wilhelmi, J. Fraile-Mora, J. I. Pérez and I. Sarasúa

The advantages of adjustable speed hydroelectric generation have been highlighted by several authors. The optimum speed for actual working conditions must be continuously implemented by means of an appropriate control system. This process gives rise to dynamic changes in operation variables. In this paper a speed control of run-of-river adjustable speed hydro plant is presented.

Read more (pdf)

Calculation of Kaplan turbine / propeller

By Ahmad Suhendra

In this post, we present an example calculation of pipelines, power generators, turbines in the form of Exel spreadsheets.

download xls

Building an Undershot Water Wheel

http://www.builditsolar.com

By Gary

An undershot wheel is a vertically-mounted water wheel that is rotated by water striking paddles or blades at the bottom of the wheel. The name undershot comes from this striking at the bottom of the wheel. This type of water wheel is the oldest type of wheel.

Downloads :

Building an Undershot Water Wheel (Pdf)

Waterwheel design xls

SMALL MICHELL (BANKI) TURBINE

SMALL MICHELL (BANKI) TURBINE:

A CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

BY

W.R. BRESLIN

The Michell or Banki turbine is a relatively easy to build and highly efficient means of harnessing a small stream to provide enough power to generate electricity or drive different types of mechanical devices.

Read more